The Three Most Discussed Questions in Carotid Artery Surgery. Review of Russian and Foreign Studies in the Last Five Years

This literature review analyzes Russian and foreign publications over the past five years on the three most discussed issues related to carotid artery surgery: l.Which is more effective: eversion carotid endarterectomy or conventional carotid endarterectomy with patch closure? 2. Which is better: carotid endarterectomy (CEE) or carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS)? 3. How soon after the development of ischemic stroke should cerebral revascularization be performed? The authors of the article came to the following conclusions: 1. According to the majority of large studies and meta-analyses, conventional CEE with patch closure is associated with a higher risk of internal carotid artery restenosis compared to eversion carotid endarterectomy. Single-center trials with small samples of patients do not find statistical differences between the outcomes of applying both surgical techniques. 2. Large multicenter randomized trials are required to address the effectiveness of CEA and CAS in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. To date, there has been no consensus on this matter. 3. CEE and CAS can be equally effective and safe in the most acute and acute periods of ischemic stroke when performed in the presence of a mild neurological deficit and the ischemic brain lesion not exceeding 2.5 cm in diameter. Nevertheless, the choice of treatment strategy should be made strictly personalized by a multidisciplinary council based on the experience of the institution and current recommendations. © 2023 Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine. All rights reserved.

When Public Administration Education Switches Online: Student Perceptions during COVID-19

Public administration education is traditionally known for its emphasis on interaction, discussion and experiential learning, which require effective in-person instructions. With COVID-19 pushing many programmes across the globe to be delivered online rather than in person, how this shift has affected the student experience in public administration programmes has been a pertinent and important consideration. This paper addresses the question through two surveys of 147 students in total, at a graduate-level public policy school in Singapore. Two distinctive waves of data collection allow us to capture a nuanced picture of student perceptions both when online teaching was introduced as an emergency response and when it was planned as a deliberate strategy later on. Our findings suggest that students consistently reported a decline in participation and interaction in an online setting, compared with a face-to-face setting. Our study fills a critical gap in the literature related to online public administration education in Asia, while the immediate constraints it highlights and lessons it offers on maintaining a highly interactive and engaging public administration education are likely to apply for educators elsewhere both during and beyond the COVID-19 era.

Investigation of Microbial Etiology in Endotracheal Aspirate Samples of Severe Pneumonia Patients by Multiplex PCR and Culture Method

Objectives: The probability of detecting viral and atypical agents in pneumonia patients has increased with the molecular methods used in recent years. We aimed to investigate pneumonia pathogens in endotracheal aspiration samples (ETA) of patients with severe community-acquired (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) and culture method. Methods: A prospective study was performed between December 2019 and October 2020. Patients 18 years and older with pneumonia followed in ICU on the mechanical ventilator were included. COVID-19 patients were excluded. Patients were grouped as CAP, HAP, and VAP. Two ETA samples were obtained from patients within 48 hours of the pneumonia diagnosis. Respiratory pathogens were investigated in samples by viral-bacterial m-PCR and bacterial culture methods. Results: 74 patients were included in the study. m-PCR of ETA samples achieved pathogen detection in 87.8% of patients compared with 58.1% with culture methods. The most common pathogen detected by m-PCR was Streptococcus pneumoniae in both CAP and HAP patients and Klebsiella spp. in VAP patients. The most common pathogen isolated by culture was Staphylococcus aureus in both CAP and HAP patients and Klebsiella spp. in VAP patients. Atypical pneumonia pathogens were positive for 14.9% of the patients. Atypical pathogens were recovered from 28.5% of CAP patients and 23.1% of HAP patients. Viruses constituted all of the atypical pathogens recovered from HAP patients. No atypical pathogen was found in VAP patients. Conclusion: In this study, S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen detected with m-PCR, and S. aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the most common pathogens detected with culture. Determination of microbial etiology of lower respiratory tract samples by molecular methods for diagnosing severe CAP and HAP may be beneficial in terms of treatment.

Are gold and cryptocurrency a safe haven for stocks and bonds? Conventional vs Islamic markets during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: This study aims to identify the ability of gold and cryptocurrency (Cryptocurrency Uncertainty Index (UCRY) Price) as safe haven assets (SHA) for stocks and bonds in both conventional (i.e. stock indices and government bonds) and Islamic markets (i.e. Islamic stock indices and Islamic bonds (IB)). Design/methodology/approach: The authors employed the nonadditive panel quantile regression model by Powell (2016). It measured the safe haven characteristics of gold and UCRY Price for stock indices, government bonds, Islamic stocks, and IB under gold circumstances and level of cryptocurrency uncertainty, respectively. The period spanned from 11 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. Findings: This study discovered three findings, including: (1) gold is a strong safe haven for stocks and bonds in conventional and Islamic markets under bearish conditions;(2) UCRY Price is a strong safe haven for conventional stocks and bonds but only a weak safe haven for Islamic stocks under high crypto uncertainty;and (3) gold offers a safe haven in both emerging and developed countries, while UCRY Price provides a better safe haven in developed than in emerging countries. Practical implications: Gold always wins big for safe haven properties during unstable economy. It can also win over investors who consider shariah compliant products. Therefore, it should be included in an investor's portfolio. Meanwhile, cryptocurrencies are more common for developed countries. Thus, the governments and regulators of emerging countries need to provide more guidance around cryptocurrency so that the societies have better literacy. On top of that, the investors can consider crypto to mitigate risks but with limited safe haven functions. Originality/value: The originality aspects of this study include: (1) four chosen assets from conventional and Islamic markets altogether (i.e. stock indices, government bonds, Islamic stock indices and IB);(2) indicator countries selected based on the most used and owned cryptocurrencies for the SHA study;and (3) the utilization of UCRY Price as a crypto indicator and a further examination of the SHA study toward four financial assets. © 2023, Michaelia Widjaja, Gaby and Shinta Amalina Hazrati Havidz.

Intubation of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Using Conventional Laryngoscope in the ICU

Background: Video laryngoscopy is recommended for critically ill COVID-19 patients due to safety concerns and avoid complications. It is not available in some places and thereby forcing the operator to rely on conventional laryngoscope. Intubations in critically ill COVID-19 patients are challenging and may lead to adverse complications which may be affected by the laryngoscope used. The aim of the study was to analyse predictors of difficult intubation, complexity of intubation and complications of using conventional laryngoscopy in intubations of COVID-19 patients in ICU. Method(s): A prospective observational study was done in COVID Intensive Care Unit of the Base Hospital-Teldeniya, Sri Lanka from 1st of January 2021 to August 2021. The data was collected using a Performa filled by operator at the end of the intubation. Apart from demographic data and clinical parameters, data related to intubation including MACOCHA score which is a validated score predicting difficult intubation in ICU(3) and Intubation difficulty scale (IDS) which measures the actual complexity of intubation(4) were collected. The complications related to intubation were also analysed. Result(s): Approximately 84 out of 91 emergency intubations were done using conventional laryngoscope. Out of them 50.72 % were male and 49.27% Were female. Mean age was 50.75 years. First pass success rate was 83.3%. 25% had MACOCHA score more than 3. Most patients scored on the desaturation component of the score. Despite this only 50% of the predicted difficult intubations actually had major difficulty in intubation. The commonest complication was hypotension. 12 had suffered cardiac arrest, and 4 of them were fatal. Conclusion(s): Intubation of Critically ill COVID-19 patients are challenging but can be done successfully with conventional laryngoscope. However, one must prepare for complications including cardiac arrest.Copyright © 2023, College of Anaesthesiologists of Sri Lanka. All rights reserved.

Machine Learning Model to Study the Genetic Susceptibility of Patients with Sever Coronavirus Symptoms

COVID 19 is constantly changing properties because of its contagious as an urgent global challenge, and there are no vaccines or effective drugs. Smart model used to measure and prevent the spread of COVID 19 continues to provide health care services is an urgent need. Previous methods to identify severe symptoms of coronavirus in the early stages, but they have failed to predict the symptoms of coronavirus in an accurate way and also take more time. To overcome these issues the effective severe coronavirus symptoms techniques are proposed. Initially, Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier based classification and Linear Discriminant Genetic Algorithm used feature selection, mutation, and cross-analysis of features of coronary symptoms. These methods are used to select optimized features and selected features, and then classified by neural network. This Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier selects features based on the correlation between features that reduce irrelevant features involved in the identification process of coronary symptoms. Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier based on each function, helping to maximize the correlation between the prediction accuracy of coronavirus symptoms. For this reason, it has always been recommended in an effort to increase the accuracy and reliability of diagnostics to use machine learning to design different classification models. © 2023 IEEE.

Performance of islamic vs conventional banks in OIC countries: Resilience and recovery during Covid-19

This paper compares the performance of Islamic and conventional banks before and during Covid-19. It uses daily data for the years 2016-2022 of 12 Islamic and 21 conventional banks in six OIC countries: Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, and Turkey. The paper employs the asymmetric GJR-GARCH and E-GARCH models to estimate volatility and Chow break point test to identify structural breaks. The maximum drawdown, compound annual return, and Calmar ratios methods quantify the reaction, resilience, and recovery of both types of banks. It is observed that prior to Covid-19, Islamic banks did well because they had lower drawdowns and better Calmar ratios compared to conventional banks. During Covid-19, conventional banks did better than their counterparts, took less time to recover and had better Calmar ratios. Copyright (c) 2022 Borsa.Istanbul Anonim Sirketi. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The Ramadan effect on commodity and stock markets integration

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the dependence structure and volatility spillovers among two strategic commodities (crude oil and gold) and a set of Islamic and conventional regional stock market indices, while examining the Ramadan effect Design/methodology/approach: The empirical strategy consists of two complementary measures of dependence and connectedness. This study first uses copulas to examine the dependency between the markets considered, then spillovers compute the magnitude of the connectedness among them. Findings: The copulas analysis shows that Frank's copula appears to better capture the relationship between most asset returns and highlights the almost absence of extreme dependence and, therefore, the existence of diversification opportunities. Moreover, the connectedness analysis suggests that gold is a net volatility receiver and provides, thereby, greater diversification benefits compared to crude oil. In addition, the high levels of time-varying connectedness support strong integration among the financial markets studied, specifically during the COVID-19 crisis period. Furthermore, the connectedness among the markets studied increases during the Ramdan subperiods, supporting shift contagion among financial markets considered during this religious holiday. Practical implications: The results provide investors with a better understanding of the nature as well as the magnitude of the interdependences between commodity markets and a set of Islamic and conventional regional stock markets. Indeed, it is of paramount importance for investors to clearly understand how Islamic and conventional markets are segmented or integrated during stress and stress-free periods, as well as the effect of the month of Ramadan on the interdependence among markets, to better assess risks, diversify portfolios and implement more effective hedging strategies. Originality/value: While a considerable body of literature examines financial contagion and volatility transmission between financial markets, there is still much to be said regarding connectedness among commodity and stock markets, particularly when it comes to studying the effects of religious holidays on the interaction between conventional and Islamic assets. This paper fills in this gap by focusing on the dependence structure as well as the connectedness between Islamic stock indices, conventional stock indices, gold and crude oil for six different regions, while examining the Ramadan effect. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The Investigation into Deep Learning Classifiers Towards Imbalanced Text Data

Class imbalance is an important classification problem where failure to identify events can be hazardous due to failure of solution preparation or opportune handling. Minorities are mostly more consequential in such cases. It is necessary to know a reliable classifier for imbalanced classes. This study examines several conventional machine learning and deep learning methods to compare the performance of each method on dataset with imbalanced classes. We use COVID-19 online news titles to simulate different class imbalance ratios. The results of our study demonstrate the superiority of the CNN with embedding layer method on a news titles dataset of 16,844 data points towards imbalance ratios of 37%, 30%, 20%, 10%, and 1%. However, CNN with embedding layer showed a noticeable performance degradation at an imbalance ratio of 1%. © 2022 IEEE.

Game-Based Approaches to Enhancing Public Understanding of Science: A Descriptive Literature Review

With prominent looming global issues such as climate change and COVID-19, public understanding of science (PUS) is increasingly perceived to be vital for humanity to address and adapt to global wicked challenges. Compared to conventional approaches that struggle with public engagement, games can potentially remedy this by proactively engaging players towards more fruitful performance in and outside games. While the employment of game-based approaches in pedagogy in general is not a new development, gamifying PUS has only recently grown to relative prominence for its superiority in engaging the public with active science-derived interpretation, deliberation, and consequent action. To understand the state-of-the-art of this field, we conduct a systematic descriptive literature review of the extant corpus. We reviewed 29 papers and investigated their types of interventions, contexts, populations, and outcomes. The results overall indicate diverse yet imbalanced research focuses thus far, for which we discuss implications for future research. © 2023 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the volatility of conventional and Islamic stock indexes: a comparative study on ASEAN and GCC countries

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to adopt Morlet's wavelet method to examine the differences in the level of volatility (i.e. riskiness) between the conventional and Shari'ah indexes during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 4 to June 19, 2020) on selected Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. As a comparison, the equivalent time period of relative tranquillity is used;February 4 to June 19, 2019.Design/methodology/approachMorlet's wavelet method is used in analyzing the volatility levels for both the conventional and Shari'ah indexes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic for the selected ASEAN and GCC countries.FindingsThis study has several findings;first, the markets in the ASEAN region appear to be more volatile during the pandemic than in the GCC region. Second, most of the Shari'ah indexes were more volatile during the COVID-19 pandemic than their conventional counterparts. Nevertheless, the GCC index pairs appear to show more similarities between both the Shari'ah and conventional index.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study indicate that investors, government, regulators and all other stakeholders should stay vigilant during a pandemic or health threat period as it has become a pertinent source of volatility spillovers. As such, investors should devise optimal asset allocation strategies, portfolio diversification and portfolio rebalancing measures, taking into consideration not only financial adversity but also public health gravity as a potential source of turbulent markets.Originality/valueThis study uses the wavelet method to examine the volatility level of both the Shari'ah and conventional indexes during the COVID-19 pandemic and its equivalent time frame in 2019. It has further added to the Islamic literature by comparing the volatility between selected ASEAN and GCC countries. The wavelet method is most appropriate for short-duration studies as it captures both the time and frequency domains of the time-series behavior.

Successful Treatment of Subclavian Artery Thrombosis by Catheter-Based Thrombus Aspiration and Thrombolytic Therapy: A Case Report

Clinical Information Patient Initials or Identifier Number: BP4****/22 Relevant Clinical History and Physical Exam: A 55 Y / Female C/C : Pain, numbness, cold sensation & weakness of left upper limb for 2 hours. Risk Factor : Hypertension, diabetes mellitus O/E : Pale, cold and absent of radial, ulnar, brachial pulse of left upper limb. Muscle power 3/5 left side. So2 86%, BP undetectable. Right upper limb were normal. BP 160/90 mm of hg, pules : 112 b/min, RR : 26/min. Body Temperature 37.5 C [Formula presented] [Formula presented] Relevant Test Results Prior to Catheterization: CBC : WBC 7450, HB % 10.8 g/dl, ESR 20mm in 1st hour, Platelets : 262000, SARS Cov2 Antigen : Negative PT 14.3 sec, INR : 1.07 APTT : 32.4 sec. blood group: O positive Serum Creatinine : 1.1 mg/dl Plasma glucose 9.7 mmmol/l HIV Ab : Negative HBs Ag : Negative Anti-HCV : Negative Urine R/E : Normal lipid profile : Cholesterol 280mg/dl Vascular duplex ultrasound of left upper limb : A dilated echogenic thrombus had blocked the left subclaviav artery lumen. Relevant Catheterization Findings: Conventional angiography with the lowest amount of contrast agent through the right femoral artery, revealed that left subclavian artery thrombosis with total occlusion distal to Left internal mammary artery. [Formula presented] [Formula presented] [Formula presented] Interventional Management Procedural Step: A5Fr MPA catheter with side holes was negotiated through a right femoral sheath and was placed in the left subclavian artery. Initially thrombus aspiration was done with Eliminate aspiration catheter (TERUMO) with no success. Then suction was done with the MPA catheter itself with partial removal of thrombus. Then a 5Fr Pigtail catheter was placed inside the thrombus and kept in situ. For residual thrombus 250,000u of Inj. Streptokinase as a thrombolytic drug was given through the Pigtail catheter as bolus over 30 min. The maintenance dose 100,000 u per hour was given over 24 hours through the Pigtail catheter via infusion pump. After 24 hours of thrombolytic therapy, her pain was reduced, the left hand became slightly warm, and distal pulses were feebly palpable. Moreover, the skin colour returned to near normal with improvement of pallor. Bleeding was well controlled at the catheter site. Doppler sounds revealed partial improvement of arterial flow. After evaluation of partial improvement, a low dose 1000 iu per hour of heparin (UFH)was infused intravenously for 24 hours. After 48 hours, repeat angiography via the inserted catheter at the site did not reveal any atherosclerotic plaque and confirm the thrombosis-dissolution. The latter practice demonstrated a good blood flowto the left upper distal limb leaving a little thrombus in the superficial palmer arch. [Formula presented] [Formula presented] [Formula presented] Conclusion(s): Catheter-based thrombus aspiration and thrombolytic therapy is primarily reserved for patients with acute viable limb ischemia. As observed in the presented case, thrombus aspiration and thrombolytic therapy is recommended to be considered as an alternative therapeutic method for patients with arterial thrombosis due to the rapid response, shorter treatment time and lower cost, compared to common and sometimes unsuccessful therapies.Copyright © 2023

Covid-19 Pandemic Predictive System Using Machine Learning

Corona -virus disease commonly known as COVID-19 that outbreak in late December 2019 is continuously spreading worldwide and infecting people due to which it's required to analysis research on the expansion of CODID-19.In this research, a more improved model. HYBRID ARTIFICAL MODEL (AI) is suggested for prediction. In conventional model, it treats similar infection rate for all people, an improvised ISI (improved susceptible-infected) is suggested to gauge the infection rate to calculate the development mode. We have build the hybrid AI model by using natural language processing(NLP) model and long short-term memory(LSTM) network modules inside ISI module.According to the attentive results, it represents more infections from three to eight days.In comparison to both the models , our developed new AI model can remarkably reduces the prediction result's error and prevail the mean percentage errors with different percentage for the six consecutive days in different countries.For example-China , Italy, France, etc. © 2022 IEEE.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Islamic and Conventional Banks' Profitability

The banking sector has a significant impact on a nation's financial stability and economic development. As one of the fundamental components of the financial sector, banks offer services that are essential for the expansion of the markets. The stability of the financial system is significantly impacted by the efficiency of the banking sector. COVID-19 has had a tremendous effect on the economy. This pandemic cannot be disregarded, considering how widespread it has been and how many people it has affected globally. Both society and the global economy have undergone profound change. Hence, it is critical to ascertain how severely the outbreak has impacted the banking system. To assess the potential impact of pandemic, the current study examined conventional and Islamic banking. This study also investigates how COVID-19's moderating effect influences the banking system. Financial statements from 10 conventional banks and 5 Islamic banks in Pakistan are the sources of this study's sample data. COVID-19 is a moderator in this study. The empirical estimations by means of the fixed-effects approach suggests that the moderator has a large impact on bank profitability. In addition, COVID-19 appears to have a stronger influence on the Islamic banking system.

Hypofractionated Postmastectomy Radiotherapy (HF-PMRT): What did We Learn from COVID-19 Era?

Objectives: In breast cancer (BC) patients receiving mastectomy, postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) improves long-term outcomes by decreasing local failure and cancer mortality. However, the optimal PMRT schedule is still under investigation. The present review aims to discuss the evidence regarding hypofractionated (HF) PMRT in BC patients in order to identify the optimal treatment approach. Additional purpose is to highlight what we have learned from COVID-19 era regarding HF schedules for PMRT in BC patients. Mechanism: Between February and November 2021, literature and database research were conducted. Key references were detected from a PubMed query. Range of publication date was between 2000 and 2021. Selection criteria included English language publications in humans. Hand searching included meeting proceedings of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). The website clinicaltrials.gov was also searched. Randomized controlled trials evaluating HF-PMRT were included. Findings in brief: Our research returned 87 published papers. Fourteen trials were included in our final analysis. The comparisons of several different schedules of HF-PMRT with conventional fractionated PMRT provided similar results in terms of locoregional disease control without increasing toxicity. Particularly, an acute skin toxicity incidence grade 2 or higher ranged between 10 and 25% among the studies we analyzed. Conclusion(s): The present paper suggests that safety and efficacy of HF-PMRT is comparable with conventional schedules and standard practice guidelines are already available. COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the need for increasingly tailored treatment protocols. Modern HF regimens should continue to be the standard of treatment in BC patients who receive PMRT also in the post-COVID-19 era.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s).

Liquidity creation by Islamic and conventional banks during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This study investigates how liquidity has been created during the Covid-19 pandemic and examines the different behaviours to create liquidity for different types of bank ownership. Monthly panel data of 85 Indonesian Islamic and conventional banks are utilized to capture the time periods before and during the pandemic. The estimated regression model applies one period lag for all independent variables to reduce any endogeneity problems. The results indicate that overall banks created less liquidity during the pandemic. This finding implies that adding assets is not an effective strategy to create liquidity since banks transferred assets into safer investments during the pandemic. However, Islamic banks created more liquidity, especially when off-balance sheet activities are not included in the liquidity measurement. This phenomenon validates the unique market structure of Islamic banks, which must comply with Sharia law and avoid holding and trading prohibited assets. On the liability side, the deposits of these banks will be more liquid due to their depositors' religiosity and risk preferences. This study further indicates that the government-owned bank generated more liquidity than other ownership types. These results imply that the government successfully rescued the economy during the pandemic through the use of economic stimuli.

Prospective Analysis of B Lymphocyte Subtypes, before and after Initiation of Dialysis, in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is followed by alterations in adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate B lymphocyte subtypes in ESRD patients before and after hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: CD5, CD27, BAFF, IgM and annexin were evaluated by flow cytometry on CD19+ cells in ESRD patients (n = 40), at time of initiating HD or CAPD (T0) and 6 months later (T6). RESULTS: A significant reduction in ESRD-T0 compared to controls was noticed for CD19+, 70.8 (46.5) vs. 171 (249), p < 0.0001, CD19+CD5-, 68.6 (43) vs. 168.9 (106), p < 0.0001, CD19+CD27-, 31.2 (22.1) vs. 59.7 (88.4), p < 0.0001, CD19+CD27+, 42.1 (63.6) vs. 84.3 (78.1), p = 0.002, CD19+BAFF+, 59.7 (37.8) vs. 127.9 (123.7), p < 0.0001 and CD19+IgM+ cells, 48.9 (42.8) vs. 112.5 (81.7) (K/µL), p < 0.0001. The ratio of early/late apoptotic B lymphocytes was reduced (16.8 (10.9) vs. 110 (25.4), p = 0.03). CD19+CD5+ cells were the only cell type with an increased proportion in ESRD-T0 patients (2.7 (3.7) vs. 0.6 (1.1), p < 0.0001). After 6 months on CAPD or HD, CD19+CD27-(%) and early apoptotic lymphocytes were reduced further. The HD patients also showed a significant increase in late apoptotic lymphocytes, from 1.2 (5.7) to 4.2 (7.2) K/mL, p = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: B cells and most of their subtypes were significantly reduced in ESRD-T0 patients compared to controls, the only exception being CD19+CD5+ cells. Apoptotic changes were prominent in ESRD-T0 patients and were exacerbated by HD.

Potential of Nanotechnology-based Formulations in Combating Pulmonary Infectious Diseases: A Current Scenario.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary microbial infection is mainly caused by microbes like atypical bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The nanotechnology-based treatment approach is one of the contemporary needs to combat different pulmonary infections. AIM: The main aim of the study is to explore all pulmonary infectious diseases and to compare the advanced and novel treatment approaches with the conventional methods which are available to treat the infections. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This work sheds light on pulmonary infectious diseases with their conventional and present treatment approaches along with a focus on the advantageous roles of nano-based formulations. In the literature, it has been reported that the respiratory system is a key target for various infectious diseases and various challenges are arising in the treatment of pulmonary infections. RESULT: The present review article describes the global situation of pulmonary infections and different strategies which are being available for their management, along with their limitations. The article also highlights the advantages and different examples of nanoformulations currently combating the limitations of conventional therapies. CONCLUSION: The content of the present article further reflects a summary of recently published research and review works on pulmonary infections, conventional methods of treatment with their limitations, and the role of nano-based approaches to combat the existing infectious diseases which will jointly help the researchers to produce effective drug formulations with desired pharmacological activities.

Detection of Pneumonia by Binary Image Classification Using Hybrid Neural Networks

Pneumonia is a more contagious virus with worldwide health implications. If positive cases are detected early enough, spread of the pandemic sickness can be slowed. Pneumonia illness estimation is useful for identifying patients who are at risk of developing health problems. So, the conventional method like PCR kits used to detect the covid patients lead to an increase in pneumonia cases as it failed to detect at the earliest. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test will be performed right away on the blood or sputum to quickly identify the DNA of the bacteria that cause pneumonia. With the help of CXR images, the pneumonia is diagnosed with a high accuracy rate utilizing the HNN (Hybrid Neural Network) method. Thus, isolating them at the earlier stage and preventing the spread of disease. © 2022 IEEE.

Influence of oil price fluctuations on the network connectedness between oil, GCC Islamic and conventional financial markets

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the dynamic spillover effects and network connectedness between the oil prices and the Islamic and conventional financial markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The focus is on network connectedness during the 2008–2009 global financial crisis, the 2014–2016 oil crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors use daily data covering the period from January 1, 2007 to April 14, 2022. Design/methodology/approach: This study applies a spillover analysis and connectedness network to investigate the risk contagion among the Islamic and conventional stock–bond markets. The authors rely on Diebold and Yilmaz's (2012, 2014) methodology to construct network-associated measures. Findings: The results suggest that overall connectedness among financial market uncertainties increased during the global financial crisis, the oil price collapse of 2014–2016 and the COVID-19 crisis. In addition, the authors show that the contribution of oil shocks to the financial system is limited, as the oil market was a net receiver during the 2014 oil shock and the COVID-19 crisis. On the other hand, the Islamic and conventional stock markets are extensive sources of network effects on the oil market and Islamic and conventional bond markets. Furthermore, the authors found that the Sukuk market was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the conventional and Islamic stock markets were the highest transmitters of shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Moreover, oil revealed a weak connectedness with the Islamic and conventional stock markets during the COVID-19 health crisis, implying that it helps provide diversification benefits for international portfolio investors. Originality/value: This study contributes to this field by improving the understanding of the effect of fluctuations in oil prices on the dynamics of the volatility connection between oil and Islamic and conventional financial markets during times of stress through a network connectedness framework. The main results of this study highlight the role of oil in portfolio allocation and risk minimization when investing in Islamic and conventional assets. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.